The most accurate amateur radio callsign server on the web.
| UTC: 17:06 Tuesday, October 20, 2020 |
| FCC Report for Thu, October 29, 2015
All Updates...395 ALBERTS, JOHN S KD2JRN...Issued ALLEN, JEFFREY C N1CSE...Renewed AMENTA, RODDY V KD4RPO...License Expired AMMENDOLIA, GASPER J KD6ZKM...Renewed ANDREW, VERONICA L KC9IJI...Renewed ANTHONY, STEPHEN R W1NBS...Admin Update ARALIS, FRANK M KK6YHS...Issued ASHBY, DANA KG5JGY...Modified/General to Extra ASHCRAFT, DANIEL J KD9EWM...Issued ATKINSON, FRED W III WB4AEJ...Admin Update AUDE, ELIJAH J KD9EWL...Issued AUDETTE, WILLIAM S KE7WHL...Admin Update AUGST, EDWARD F JR N8CRT...Renewed BACHMAN, WAYNE R WH6OR...Renewed BACON, HOWARD L III NM1I...Renewed BAIERL, GARY KK6RNG...Modified/Tech to General BAKER, BARRY S KDØVQM...License Canceled BAKER, BARRY S ADØRD...Systematic Callsign Issued/General to Extra BANKS, CHRISTIAN B KEØGHS...Issued BARBRE, THOMAS R KI6BOQ...Renewed BARLOW, GEORGE J KK6YID...Issued BARNHART, GEORGE W JR N9TRC...Admin Update BAUSTE, DEVIN L KEØGHR...Issued BAUSTE, DUSTIN A KEØGHQ...Issued BEACH, THEODORE L KA8YRU...Renewed BEATTIE, BRANDON S KG7YJD...Issued BEAUDOIN, KENNETH A N1LIN...Renewed BECKWITH, PAUL R JR KD2CGP...Admin Update BEHRENDS, MARK W KG7TUL...Modified/Tech to General BEISNER, CHRIS J KG7JYL...Modified/Tech to General BENNETT, KRISTOPHER K KDØYCR...Modified/Tech to General BERGER, ROBERT C KG7AWM...Admin Update BERUBE, MICHAEL E KG5JZE...Admin Update BILLINGS, CHARLES R KF6AKQ...Renewed BILLS, KAY E K7CKF...Renewed BINGHAM, JIMMIE L WK5D...Renewed BIRDSELL, KENNETH G KG5KAS...Issued BLANKINSHIP, WILLIAM C KG5HMB...Modified/General to Extra BLEVINS, PATRICIA S KF4FHX...Renewed BOSTICK, ROCHELLE R KB8ZLX...Renewed BOUGHTON, FRED W JR KB2CT...Renewed BOULLIER, PEGGY M KEØESH...Modified/Tech to General BRADSHAW, DAVID KG7KJL...Modified/Tech to General BRAMPTON, GERALD KG7YJI...Issued BREDE, JAMES M KG5KAM...Issued BROOKS, TIMOTHY M KK6YHT...Issued BROWN, CHARLIE D NJ7V...Admin Update BROWN, QUINCY D KG5KBC...Issued BUSH, ROBERT P KI4CSL...License Expired CAMPBELL, GLEN E K6GEC...Admin Update CANTRELL, DERRYL H N5TFC...Renewed CARGILE, RONALD W KF4CPX...Modified/General to Extra CARLINE, ELIZABETH A KG5KAH...Issued CASERZA, STEVE F WA6IXY...Renewed CATT, JEREMY D KG7YJN...Issued CHRISTENSEN, PETER J WØTAA...Admin Update CLARK, NICHOLAS G KG7OEB...Admin Update CLUTE, GREGORY S AG5BH...Issued COAKLEY, PATRICK KK6YHU...Issued COLLIER, GLEN F K5GFC...Admin Update COMBS, CARTER C KE6CCC...Modified/Tech to General COMP, KEITH A KC3FVN...Issued CORLISS, CHARLES S WD8SCJ...Renewed CRATON, BENJAMIN A KD9EWO...Issued CROWNOVER, RONALD MARK KF4EAA...Admin Update CULP, SHARON L WB3IHO...Renewed CUMMINGINGS, JERROLD F KEØGHW...Issued CUMMINS, CAVETT W KG7YJE...Issued CUNNINGHAM, ANDREW J KC1EPC...Admin Update DAILIS, MATTHEW L KC1EPP...Issued DANIELS, STEVEN G KG7WST...Modified/Tech to Extra DARGOCEY, CARL W WB8VBT...Renewed DARNELL, CHARLES S KD4SFV...License Expired DAVIDSON, GEORGE W N7NTV...Renewed DAVIDSON, JOE H K4JHD...Admin Update DAVIDSON, MICHAEL KG7YCE...Modified/General to Extra DAVIS, DAVID M KG6MTI...Modified/Tech to General DEGAGNE, JAMES L KG7YJJ...Issued DEHRING, MARK J KC8YNO...License Expired DIAZ, MARCOS CRUZ WP4AKS...Renewed DIGGINS, LIANE M KI6AWL...Renewed DILTZ, CHRISTOPHER M KF5SIC...Admin Update DIRKS, WYATT A ACØRA...Admin Update DONOHUE, SEAN T KD2JRO...Issued DOTY, GERALD R KEØGHO...Issued DOTY, MAXIMILIAN R KEØGHP...Issued DOUCETTE, CHARLES W N1WGV...Renewed DUDLEY, DAVID W KI6CBP...Renewed DUTCHER, KIMBERLY A K7DEY...License Expired DWYER, ELIZABETH C KG7YJC...Issued EBERT, CHARLES F III KB4PFC...Renewed ELLSON, NICKOLAS R KG7WDY...Modified/Tech to General FARMER, HENRY W SR KC3FVH...Issued FARRAR, CHRISTOPHER D KG7YJR...Issued FAVIER, MICHAEL J KE7EZY...Renewed FISKE, LINDA M KG7YJB...Issued FITZPATRICK, JOYCE E KE4TAZ...Renewed FOSTER, STEPHEN C WB4GDB (Zipcode)...Renewed FREITAS, THEODORE G III KE6YJC...Renewed FREY, AUSTIN D KK6YHV...Issued GABEL, MATTHEW S KK6YHW...Issued GALLOWAY, ALONZO T KI4NIY...Renewed GANNON, JOSEPH W KD2IWZ...Modified/Tech to General GARCIA, CARLOS R KEØGHV...Issued GARG, VIDUR KM4MBM...Admin Update GARRISON, DARRIN E KC1AJX...Admin Update GAULE, GERALD R KE7GGV...Renewed GEISSINGER, CYNTHIA S KC3FVP...Issued GEISSINGER, RICHARD C KT4JQ...Renewed/Admin Update GEORGE, TODD N KG7YIX...Issued GERCEK, BERK D KE5DWQ...Renewed GERTH, MATTHEW D KG5KAE...Issued GOMBOS, JONATHAN D N9ZPN...Renewed GORHAU, DIANE K KEØGAV...Admin Update GORMLEY, WILLIAM J W3WJG...Admin Update GOTTIER, CARL E JR KD2JRP...Issued GRACON, FRANCIS L K3GNZ...Renewed GRAY, JOHN F KK6YHM...Admin Update GRAY, KIMBERLY R KG7YIZ...Issued GRAYBILL, HERBERT G AC8UE...Admin Update GRUENDLER, GREGORY B KC3FVO...Issued GUNZELMAN, BONNIE J KC2OXO...Renewed GURGIAN, RALPH N4DUL...Renewed GUTSHALL, GLENN KG7FEA...Admin Update HAAGEN, MICHAEL E KC8SXC...Admin Update HADLEY, ELIZABETH T KEØGIC...Issued HAHN, DALE A SR KB4BEV...Renewed HALBROOKS, TERRY W W5GOD...License Expired HALLETT, CHRISTINE A KB1MSZ...Renewed HALLIDAY, BETTY J KE6ZTU...Renewed HALUSEK, THOMAS S KE7GGU...Renewed HAMILTON, ANDREW E KG5KAZ...Issued HANCOCK, JACQUELINE A KE4VWQ...Renewed HANET, KEITH O KG5KAY...Issued HANIOTES, MICHAEL S KG7EOA...Admin Update HANSEN, YVONNE L KE7FMC...Renewed/Admin Update HANSON, JENNIFER K NØZEX...License Expired HARGIS, KERMIT K KBØTQL...Modified/Tech to General HARRIGER, SCOTT W WØRKN...Admin Update HARRIS, THOMAS W JR KA2IHQ...Renewed HEIDERSCHEIDT, GERALD A KA3ZEV...License Expired HERBRECHTSMEIER, EDWARD H K3QX...Admin Update HERNANDEZ, CINDY KG5KAU...Issued HERRING, KAREN G KI4NGX...Renewed HESS, DAVID J KV8K...Renewed HICKS, DAVID S N9DTH...Renewed HICKS, PHILLIP W K4PWH...Renewed HIMLEY, MIKE KK6SBZ...Modified/Tech to General HOTTINGER, KATHIE J WB6JBZ...Renewed HOWK, BECKY L KC5SAB...Renewed HYDE, JARED W KC7JQH...Admin Update INGLIS, ROBERT H JR WB8UDG...Renewed IRELAND, PATRICK KG1PWI...Modified/Tech to General IRESON, EDWARD W2LSU...Renewed ISLE, BRYCE A KG7YJO...Issued JACKSON, JEFFREY V KEØGHX...Issued JACKSON, TYRUS T KI4MLF...Renewed JANES, ELSIE M KEØESJ...Modified/Tech to General JANES, LYNN D NØPMQ...Modified/General to Extra JANOWICH, MICHAEL J N3ETN...Renewed JILGE, KEITH E K5KEJ...Renewed JIN, JOSHUA KG7YIY...Issued JOHNSON, CHARLES H KE7FHV...Renewed JOHNSON, DAVID G KDØFMM...Admin Update JOHNSON, DONALD L KI4MRZ...Renewed JOHNSON, HAROLD L KC3FVI...Issued JOHNSON, HENRY A KG7QKG...License Canceled JOHNSON, HENRY A AF7UP...Systematic Callsign Issued/General to Extra JOHNSON, RONNIE B KG5KBB...Issued JONES, ANDREW J KC8NKV...Admin Update JONES, DOUGLAS A W2DAJ...Renewed JONES, FREDERICA R N1QNY...License Expired JONES, MARK E NØQAO...License Expired JONES, ROBERT P KB9MEA...Renewed JORDAN, MARK J KE7FEP...Modified/Tech to General KALFUS, WILLIAM D KD2JRQ...Issued KARCHES, WILLIAM R K6GCY (Zipcode)...Admin Update KATWIJK, KIM KE7DAU...Renewed KELLNER, TIMOTHY J KE7GMC...Admin Update KING, WAYNE C N9AYT...Renewed KINGDON, JOEL B KF4QKS...Modified/Tech to General KINSER, GARY W KI4HPW...Admin Update KIRKBRIDE, DELBERT B WA8CXS...Renewed KIRSCHER, JOEL D KI6BKY...Renewed/General to Extra KLEEPE, DEVIN K KG5KAR...Issued KLIMCHUK, PETER E KC2OXZ (City)...Renewed LA GRANGE, BARBARA A KF6AJT...Renewed LAMB, JAMES W KD6QM...Renewed LANCETTE, ADAM A NØWBZ...License Expired LANEY, MICHAEL W KEØGHU...Issued LANTER, ROBERT G KC7GZH...Renewed LAVEN, DOMINIC J KE5GIN...Renewed LAWSON, STEVEN C KC9TCP...Admin Update LAY, RANDY KG7YJF...Issued LEBLANC, LAURA G AB5YP...Renewed LEE, JON D JR KK6WFF...Modified/Tech to General LEMMON, RITA A KEØESL...Modified/Tech to General LEUTHARDT, ERIC D KG5KAK...Issued LEWIS, JAMES W KC1EPO...Issued LEWIS, MARK A KD5ZLU...License Expired LINNEY, EUGENE K III KF4DXR...Renewed LISITANO, DEL-LOR R KB1MYM...Renewed LIVESAY, JONATHAN D KE5GWC...Renewed LIVINGSTON, LUKE M KCØVPS...Renewed LOPEZ, DANIEL S KE6ZRA...Renewed LORD, DORIS D KI6BVR...Renewed LOWERY, JERRY J II N8XMV...License Expired LUCE, MATTHEW A N7CDX...Renewed LUCKEY, MICHAEL R KG5KAW (Zipcode)...Issued LUND, PETER G KE7AJI (Zipcode)...Renewed LYNCH, PATRICK C KM4OKG...Modified/Tech to General MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER R NH2LF...Modified/Tech to General MAIER, SHEILA K N5DPX...Renewed MALACYNSKI, JOSEPH P KA2DDK...Renewed MALEWSKA, JULIE B KG5KAF...Issued MANCINI, JOSEPH P N2GCZ...Renewed MANGUM, FLOYD J KG5KAJ...Issued MATHEWS, PAUL A KE7UEN...License Canceled MATHEWS, PAUL A AF7UQ...Systematic Callsign Issued/General to Extra MATTHEWS, GAVIN D KEØGHY...Issued MATTHEWS, MARK J KE3VE...Renewed MAZZA, TIMOTHY KC5RYY...Renewed MC ANDREWS, JOHN C KG7YJM...Issued MC COY, DARYL L KC7NGW...License Expired MC INTYRE, DUSTIN B KE4PSD...Modified/Tech to General MC KAY, MICHAEL K KZØL...Renewed MC KILLIP, MARSHALL D KD7LA...Admin Update MC LEAN, ANTHONY A JR N5AAM...License Expired MC MULLAN, MICHAEL J N1WLC...Renewed MC QUEEN, STANLEY E W5NQD...Modified/General to Extra MCDERMOTT, EDWIN P WB2UPO...Renewed MCGLASHING, THERESA KDØTNV...Modified/Tech to General MCKEE, CAROL A KI6BST...Renewed MCROSTIE, JAMES J KB7PW...Renewed MEDEMA, PAUL H KI6BGW...Renewed MEDINA, MARCO A KG5KAX...Issued MEDLING, SCOTT A KF6AUF...Renewed/Tech to General MERTA, AUDREY M WB2ZHT...Admin Update MERZ-ROSENDALE, ALLAN L KEØGID...Issued MILLER, LOUIS W KM4OJL...Admin Update MILLIGAN, WILLIE O KG7YJQ...Issued MILLSAPPS, ELMER D KI4MBP...Renewed MINION, MONTGOMERY SR KG7WZT...Admin Update MINOR, JAMES J K4BTP...Renewed MITCHELL, CURRAN J KEØGHZ...Issued MOLIGANO, NICHOLAS A KC2PBW...Renewed MONCHO ALCARAZ, JOSE MIGUEL KH8FL...Admin Update MOORE, JAMES KG7YCJ...Modified/Tech to General MOORING, ELMER E JR W3CIX...Renewed MORAN, ALAN L KEØGIE...Issued MORE, STEVEN K KK6WXH...Modified/Tech to General MORREALE, RUSSELL C N2LHG...Admin Update MOULYET, LISA D KE4ZCR...Renewed MUIR, ARTHUR M KA3PBS...Renewed MULLEN, MICHAEL E KC9ING...Renewed MULLINAX, HOLLY Y KF4FIA...Renewed MUOIO, BRIAN R KK6WXI...Modified/Tech to General MURPHY, EDNA K KF4ESB...Renewed MURPHY, JAMES G KF4ESA...Renewed MURPHY, KRISTINE KG7YJK...Issued MYERS, RICHARD W KE8CKK...Issued NESSEL, ALLEN B K1GTK...Renewed NIVEN, JAMES E K5WJS...Renewed NIVEN, JOSEPH D KE7FKC...Renewed NOKELL, JEFFREY H WA9YES...Admin Update NOVIELLI, CAROLE A KG5KAD...Issued O'KEEFE, THOMAS M WA1BFO...Renewed OGDEN, KIMBERLY S KG7YJU...Issued OKIMOTO NIELSEN, IRIS S KA7TMO...Renewed OLSON, TIMOTHY J WB7TIM...Admin Update OPPERMAN, ROEDOLPH A KC1EPQ...Issued ORTH, DAVID F KBØVJO...Admin Update OSOWSKI, KOBY A KG5KAI...Issued OSTERMEIER, SYLVIA A KG7YJT...Issued PADGETT, HERMAN D N4MWY...Renewed PAGE, ELZIE T III AD4AI...License Expired PAINE, JAMES F KE8CKH...Issued PARI, GABE M KG6SXD...License Expired PARSONS, JUSTIN T KEØGIA...Issued PAUL, BRIAN K KD8CPI...Renewed PAYNE, MICHAEL B KB7TBA...License Expired PENNANCE, NICHOLAS R N1CKP...Modified/General to Extra PENNEY, ARTHUR E WB8DIT...Renewed PERLEY, LOUIS L III KCØVJE...Renewed PERREAULT, PETER J KB1MSH...Renewed PETERSON, CHHRISTOPHER L KD9EWP...Issued PETERSON, JOHN H ABØBG...Admin Update PHELPS, MICHAEL E KD9EWN...Issued PHIPPS, LARRY M N8LP...Renewed PLOWMAN, DONALD V WA5FDP...Renewed POST, DAVID L WD8JGM...Renewed POWELL, JAN L KI6BQA...Renewed POWELL, JIMMIE W WA6FGZ...Renewed POWER, MATTHEW H KA1R...Renewed PRESTAGE, KAEDRON L N5CDT...Renewed PRICE, DEBRA L KE5GPA...Renewed PRICE, TIMOTHY G KA3CKS...Renewed PURKEYPILE, ANDREW K AI6MA...Issued QUERUBIN, ANTONIO A JR AH6BW...Renewed/Admin Update RADECKI, LEWIS J II WA4MSG...Renewed RAUSCH, JOHN L III KC3FVJ...Issued REEDER, JEREMY J KG7YHV...Admin Update REIST, MARVIN L SR KC3FVL...Issued REMUND, JOAN L KE7FJV...Renewed RIBEIRO AMARAL, LUIZ FERNANDO KEØFQB...Admin Update RICE, KEN H WD6DQL...Admin Update RICH, STEVE L KG7YJA...Issued RINCON, RAUL D KE6ZTH...Renewed RIVERA, CARLOS M N1MXB...Admin Update RIVERSIDE, EILEEN KG5KAP...Issued ROALF, EDWARD R KEØGIF...Issued ROBERTS, HANNAH C KF4EQV...Renewed ROBERTS, ROGER L KG5KAC...Issued ROBERTSON, STEVEN L KAØNEB...Modified/General to Extra RODRIGUEZ, JULIAN KK6YHX...Issued ROLL, ROBERT L KF5BWZ...Admin Update ROLLINS, DAVID D KG5KAT...Issued ROSENAU, LESLIE J KC1EOT...Admin Update ROSS, DRUE S KC7NQF...Renewed ROSS, ROBERT E KA3AVB...License Expired ROTHE, ROBERT S KEØGIB...Issued RUBIO, CHRISTIAN B KD7ZHL...Renewed RUSKY, GREGORY A KF6ALC...Renewed RUSSELL, DONALD R KI4MTO...Renewed RUSSELL, JAMES G KI4MSZ...Renewed RUSSELL, MICHAEL L KEØGII...Issued SATTERWHITE, JOE D WB5RAG...Renewed SAUNDERS, JAMEY S KEØGIG...Issued SAWADA, NAOMICHI KF7AQG...Modified/General to Extra SCHEER, JEFFREY A KB2WIW...Renewed SCHREIER, MICHAEL J KG7YIW...Issued SCHROEPFER, BRIAN D KK6YHY...Issued SCHULTZ, TAMI R KG7YJP...Issued SCOTT, CHARLES D KF5EHJ...Admin Update SCOTT, VIRGINIA S W8GIN...Admin Update SEFEROVICH, HEATHER M KG7YJG...Issued SELLKE, HARRY E JR WB5RJA...Renewed SERR, AMMON D KCØVLJ...Renewed SHAHINIAN, STEVEN J KE8CKI...Issued SHAULIS, JUSTIN A KC3FVM...Issued SHE, BENJAMIN KC3FVG...Issued SHEEN, DANIEL B KC1EPN...Issued SHELTON, GREGORY L KEØFXK...Modified/Tech to General SHIELDS, VICTORIA C W4DFB...Renewed SMITH, CHARLES S KI6DU...Renewed SMITH, EUGENE K KG5KAG...Issued SMITH, PEGGY L N6UQL...Admin Update SMITH, RUSSELL I N1VYU...Renewed SMITH, THOMAS O KK6YHZ...Issued SNYDER, JOSEPH M KI4MQB...Renewed SNYDER, VICKY G KC8YNP...License Expired SODT, JANIS K KG7JSW...Admin Update SOLIS, MARTIN KG7YIF...Admin Update SONYE, JACOB G KK6YIA...Issued SORENSEN, SHILOH KG7YJH...Issued SOROS, SUSAN L KG5KBD...Issued SPEARMAN, SCOTT C KJ4YOF...Admin Update SPENCER, RYAN M KC8YNL...License Expired STACY, MARK P WH2S...Admin Update STARNER, GREGORY L KC3FVK...Issued STEGMANN, DAVID H KBØUHP...Renewed STEPLER, HILDE F KD8CKK...Renewed STOWELL, RONALD B W1RVR...Admin Update STUCKEY, DAN C KC9EXD...License Expired SUTTER, ROBERT D KG5KAV...Issued SWANSON, WAYNE K KEØGIH...Issued TAKAHASHI, MASAAKI KG7YJL...Issued TEASDALE, RICHARD W WA3MDP...Renewed THARP, MICHAEL J NF4E...Admin Update TIBBITTS, JAMES L N8CTL...Renewed TINGEY, BRIAN C N7FIR...Admin Update/Tech to General TOKEN, KENNETH H NØXNQ...License Expired TOMLINSON, BENNIE R W5MQ...Renewed TORRES, ANGEL L KP4ZD...Admin Update TOUMBACARIS, WILLIAM P KA2JVL...Renewed TRISLER, TERRY L KK6YIC...Issued VALDEZ, ALEX K9BLK...Admin Update VALINOTTI, JOSEPH A III N3WSO...Renewed VAN DYNHOVEN, ALAN R K9ALS...License Expired VAUGHN, PAUL E KF4ACQ...Admin Update VELAZQUEZ, RAFAEL J N4VUT...Admin Update VESPUCCI, DAVID B KG5KAO...Issued VON KRAUS, BRIAN R KK6YIB...Issued WAGERS, BRIAN KG7VJG...Modified/Tech to General WAGNER, STANLEY E SR WA6FUW...Renewed WALD, MICHAEL KG5KAL...Issued WALKER, GORDON M KG6SXB...License Expired WARD, WILLIAM A K7KBW...Admin Update WARNER, HARRY E KE8DN...Renewed WATSON, WALLACE D KDØYXD...Modified/Tech to General WEAVER, MERLE R N3WME...Renewed WEAVER, THOMAS H KF4GAG...Renewed WEBB, JACKIE W KF4FPG...Renewed WEISS, LINDA S KG5KBF...Issued WELTMAN, NICOLE A KE8CKJ...Issued WESTMORELAND, GREGORY S KG5KAQ...Issued WHEELER, BERT KE6GRM...License Canceled WHEELER, BERT AI6LZ...Systematic Callsign Issued WIDMAN, LAWRENCE E K3FSV...Renewed WILBER, MARTIN B KA2ZHW...Renewed WILLIAMS, BYRON X II KM4OLP...Issued WILLIAMS, HEIDI KEØGHT...Issued WILLIAMS, JAMES L KC5ROT...Admin Update WILLIS, MERLIN N6OFY...Admin Update WILSON, PAUL M KE7HZR...Admin Update WILSON, RHONDA K KAØHJF...Renewed WINTERS, ROGER K NØAVS...Renewed WISSLER, CHRIS E N3WER...Admin Update WOLF, DEBRA D KG5KBE...Issued WOLF, ROBERT S KG5HQT...Modified/Tech to General WOODARD, JAMES P WG5S...Renewed WOODWORTH, JANET M KE5GKT...Renewed WORLEY, JAMES T KM4OLQ...Issued WYMER, RICHARD A KG7VFW...Modified/General to Extra YACABUCCI, JAMES E K6HZ...Renewed YORK, BRIAN L KCØCJW...Admin Update YORK, JONNIE R KE4HBZ...License Expired YORK, SAMANTHA L KCØCTQ...Admin Update YOUNG, JOHN P II KC7OFZ...Renewed YOUNG, JOHN P III KC7OGA...Renewed YOWTAK, KRIS KG5KAN...Issued ZIDAN, ED KD2HNB...Admin Update ZINO, ANGELO L JR WA2UJR...Admin Update ZINO, SALLY M WA2PPZ...Renewed ZULUETA, FERDINAND KG5KBA...Issued 5 corrections made by Hamdata Corrections are made according to USPS standards. |